Amabhethri e-lithium ezibani zasemgwaqweni ezisebenza ngelanga akhiwa kanjani?

Ukuze kukhishwe amandla agcinwe emini ebusuku,izibani zomgwaqo ezisebenza ngelangaavame ukusetshenziswa ekukhanyeni kwangaphandle. Amabhethri e-Lithium iron phosphate (LFP), abalulekile, ayizinhlobo zamabhethri ezivame kakhulu. Lawa mabhethri kulula ukuwafaka ezigxotsheni zokukhanya noma eziklanyweni ezihlanganisiwe ngenxa yesisindo sawo esikhulu kanye nezinzuzo zobukhulu. Akusekho ukukhathazeka ngokuthi isisindo samabhethri sizokwandisa ukucindezeleka esigxotsheni, ngokungafani namamodeli angaphambilini.

Izinzuzo zazo eziningi ziboniswa kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi zisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi zinamandla amakhulu kakhulu kunamabhethri e-lead-acid. Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko zaleli bhethri le-lithium iron phosphate eliguquguqukayo, pho?

1. I-Cathode

I-Lithium iyingxenye ebalulekile yamabhethri e-lithium, njengoba negama lisho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-lithium iyinto engazinzile neze. Isithako esisebenzayo ngokuvamile yi-lithium oxide, ingxube ye-lithium ne-oxygen. I-cathode, ekhiqiza ugesi ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, bese idalwa ngokungeza izithasiselo eziqhubayo kanye nezihlanganisi. I-cathode yebhethri le-lithium ilawula kokubili i-voltage kanye nomthamo wayo.

Ngokuvamile, uma okuqukethwe yi-lithium kuphezulu ezintweni ezisebenzayo, kulapho umthamo webhethri ukhula khona, kulapho umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwe-cathode ne-anode uba mkhulu khona, futhi kulapho i-voltage iphakama khona. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma okuqukethwe yi-lithium kuphansi, umthamo uba mncane futhi i-voltage iyancipha.

2. I-Anode

Uma ugesi oguqulwa yiphaneli yelanga ushaja ibhethri, ama-ion e-lithium agcinwa ku-anode. I-anode isebenzisa nezinto ezisebenzayo, ezivumela ukumuncwa noma ukukhishwa kwama-ion e-lithium akhishwa ku-cathode lapho ugesi ugeleza ngesekethe yangaphandle. Ngamafuphi, ivumela ukudluliselwa kwama-electron ngezintambo.

Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esizinzile, i-graphite ivame ukusetshenziswa njengento esebenzayo ye-anode. Ayishintshi kakhulu ivolumu, ayiqhekeki, futhi ingabekezelela izinguquko ezinkulu zokushisa ekamelweni ngaphandle kokulimala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifanelekile ekwakhiweni kwe-anode ngenxa yokusabela kwayo okuphansi kwe-electrochemical.

3. I-Electrolyte

Izingozi zokuphepha zidlula ukungakwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi uma ama-ion e-lithium edlula ku-electrolyte. Ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi odingekayo, ama-ion e-lithium adinga ukuhamba phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode. I-electrolyte idlala indima kulo msebenzi okhawulelayo. Ama-electrolyte amaningi akhiwa usawoti, izinyibilikisi, kanye nezithasiselo. Usawoti usebenza kakhulu njengeziteshi zokugeleza kwama-ion e-lithium, kuyilapho izinyibilikisi ziyizixazululo zoketshezi ezisetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa usawoti. Izithasiselo zinezinjongo ezithile.

I-electrolyte kumele ibe nokuqhuba kwe-ionic okungavamile kanye nokufakwa kwe-elekthronikhi ukuze isebenze ngokugcwele njengendawo yokuthutha ama-ion futhi inciphise ukuzikhipha kwayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubela kwe-ionic, inombolo yokudluliselwa kwe-lithium-ion ye-electrolyte kumele igcinwe; inani elingu-1 lifanelekile.

4. Isihlukanisi

Isihlukanisi sihlukanisa ngokuyinhloko i-cathode ne-anode, sivimbele ukugeleza kwe-electron okuqondile kanye nezifunda ezimfushane, futhi sakhe iziteshi kuphela zokuhamba kwe-ion.

I-Polyethylene ne-polypropylene zivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwayo. Ukuvikelwa okungcono kuma-internal short circuits, ukuphepha okwanele ngisho nasezimweni zokushaja ngokweqile, izendlalelo ezincane ze-electrolyte, ukumelana okuphansi kwangaphakathi, ukusebenza kwebhethri okwandisiwe, kanye nokuzinza okuhle kwemishini nokushisa konke kunegalelo ekhwalithini yebhethri.

Izibani zasemgwaqweni ezisebenza ngamandla elanga zaseTianxiangZonke zisebenza ngamabhethri e-lithium aphezulu anamaseli akhethwe ngokucophelela anobuningi bamandla aphezulu. Afaneleka ezimweni ezinzima zokushisa zangaphandle kanye nomswakama, anempilo ende yomjikelezo, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja nokukhipha amandla aphezulu, kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa nokubanda. Ukuvikela okuningi okuhlakaniphile kwamabhethri ngokumelene namasekethe amafushane, ukukhipha amandla ngokweqile, kanye nokushaja ngokweqile kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo kanye nokusebenza isikhathi eside, okuvumela ukukhanya okuqhubekayo ngisho nasezinsukwini ezinamafu noma zemvula. Ukuqhathaniswa okunembile kwamaphaneli elanga asebenza kahle kakhulu namabhethri e-lithium aphezulu kuqinisekisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okuthembekile kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi.