Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthiizibani zenkundla yangaphandle, ukukhetha okufanele kwemidlalo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukubonakala okuhle, ukuphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhanyisa inkundla yebhola, inkundla yebhola, noma indawo yokugijima, ikhwalithi yokukhanya ingathinta kakhulu isipiliyoni sabadlali nababukeli. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha imidlalo yokukhanyisa yenkundla yangaphandle.
1. Qonda izidingo zokukhanyisa
Ngaphambi kokungena emininingwaneni yokukhetha imidlalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izidingo zokukhanyisa zemidlalo yakho ethile. Imidlalo ehlukene inezidingo zokukhanyisa ezihlukile ngokusekelwe ezingeni lomncintiswano, usayizi wendawo kanye nesikhathi somncintiswano. Isibonelo, inkundla yebhola lochwepheshe ingadinga izinga eliphezulu lokunethezeka (elilinganiswa ngama-lumens ngemitha yesikwele) kunenkundla yebhola lomphakathi yendawo.
Amazinga ayisisekelo okunethezeka ngokwezemidlalo:
- Ibhola: 500-1000 lux yemidlalo yama-amateur; 1500-2000 lux yemidlalo yobungcweti.
- I-Baseball: 300-500 lux yabadlali abangebona abafundi; 1000-1500 lux yabadlali abangochwepheshe.
- Ezemidlalo: 300-500 lux ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa; 1000-1500 lux ngesikhathi somncintiswano.
Ukuqonda lezi zimfuneko kuzokusiza ukuthi unqume uhlobo kanye nenani lemidlalo edingekayo enkundleni yakho.
2. Khetha uhlobo olufanele lokukhanya
Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhanyisa kwenkundla yangaphandle, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinto okufanele uzicabangele:
a. Isibani se-LED
Izibani ze-LED ziya ngokuya zithandwa kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwezemidlalo zangaphandle ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwamandla aphezulu, impilo ende kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi. Zinikeza ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okulinganayo futhi zingafinyezwa kalula noma zilungiswe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zokukhanya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-LED buthuthuke kakhulu kwaze kwaba yilapho bukwazi ukukhiqiza ukukhanya kwekhwalithi ephezulu okunciphisa ukukhanya, okubaluleke kakhulu kokubili kubadlali nakubabukeli.
b. Isibani se-halide sensimbi
Izibani ze-halide zensimbi bezilokhu ziyisinqumo sendabuko sokukhanyisa kwezemidlalo. Zinokukhanya okuhle kakhulu kombala kanye nokukhipha ukukhanya okuphezulu, okwenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, zisebenzisa amandla amaningi kune-LED futhi zinesikhathi esifushane sokuphila, okungaholela ezindleleni zokusebenza eziphakeme ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
c. Isibani se-sodium (HPS) esinomfutho ophezulu
Izibani ze-HPS zingenye indlela, ezaziwa ngokusebenza kwazo kahle kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ukukhanya okuphuzi ezikukhiphayo kungase kungafaneleki kuzo zonke ezemidlalo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidinga ukumelwa kombala okunembile.
3. Cabanga nge-engeli yomugqa
I-engeli ye-beam yesibani ingenye into ebalulekile ekukhanyeni kwenkundla yangaphandle. I-engeli ye-beam encane ingagxila ukukhanya endaweni ethile, kuyilapho i-engeli ye-beam ebanzi ingakhanyisa isikhala esikhulu. Ezinkundleni zemidlalo, inhlanganisela yakho kokubili ingadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindawo zikhanya ngokwanele ngaphandle kokudala amabala amnyama.
Amathiphu okukhetha i-angle ye-beam:
- I-Narrow Beam Angle: Ilungele ukukhanyisa okunezinsika eziphakeme lapho kudingeka khona ukukhanya okugxilile.
- I-engeli ebanzi ye-beam: Ifanelekela ukukhanyisa kwendawo evamile ukumboza isikhala esikhulu.
4. Hlola izinga lokushisa lombala
Izinga lokushisa lombala lilinganiswa nge-Kelvin (K) futhi lithinta indlela ukukhanya okuvela ngayo endaweni ezungezile. Ekukhanyeni kwenkundla yezemidlalo yangaphandle, ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lombala libe phakathi kuka-4000K no-6000K. Lolu hlu lunikeza ukukhanya okumhlophe okukhanyayo okuthuthukisa ukubonakala futhi kunciphisa ukukhathala kwamehlo kubadlali nababukeli.
Izinzuzo zokushisa kombala okuphezulu:
- Ukubonakala okuthuthukisiwe nokucaca.
- Ukuvezwa kombala okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kusebenze kangcono.
- Kunciphisa ukukhanya, okubalulekile ekugijimeni ebusuku.
5. Hlola ukuqina kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu
Izibani zenkundla yangaphandle kumele zikwazi ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imvula, iqhwa kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto eziqinile futhi ezingamelani nesimo sezulu. Funa izinto ezinesilinganiso sokuvikela ukungena (IP) esiphezulu, okubonisa ikhono lazo lokumelana nothuli kanye nomswakama.
Izinga le-IP elinconyiwe:
- IP65: ayivimbeli uthuli futhi ayivumeli amanzi ukuthi angene.
- IP67: Ayinawo uthuli futhi imelana nokucwiliswa emanzini.
6. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokusimama
Njengoba izindleko zamandla zikhuphuka futhi izinkinga zemvelo ziba zimbi kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kube yinto ebalulekile ekukhetheni izibani zezinkundla zemidlalo zangaphandle. Izibani ze-LED ziyindlela eyonga kakhulu amandla, zisebenzisa amandla angaphansi ngo-75% kunezixazululo zokukhanyisa zendabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cabanga ngezibani ezihambisana nezilawuli zokukhanyisa ezihlakaniphile, ezivumela ukufiphala okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuhlela ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
7. Ukufakwa nokugcinwa
Okokugcina, cabangela izici zokufaka nokulungisa uhlelo lokukhanyisa olukhethayo. Ezinye izibani zingadinga ukufakwa okukhethekile, kanti ezinye zingafakwa kalula. Futhi, cabangela izidingo zokulungisa zesikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa ukushintshwa kwama-bulb kanye nokuhlanzwa. Ukukhetha izinto ze-LED kungabangela ukugcinwa okuncane kakhulu ngoba zihlala isikhathi eside.
Ekuphetheni
Ukukhetha okulungileizinto zokukhanyisa izinkundla zemidlalo zangaphandlekudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela izici ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izidingo zokukhanyisa, uhlobo lwe-fixture, i-angle ye-beam, izinga lokushisa lombala, ukuqina, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokugcinwa. Ngokuzinika isikhathi sokuhlola lezi zinto, ungakha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle ethuthukisa ulwazi lwabasubathi nababukeli, uqinisekise ukuthi yonke imidlalo idlalwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthuthukisa indawo ekhona noma uklama entsha, ikhambi lokukhanyisa elifanele lizokwenza umehluko omkhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-26-2024
