Ukukhanyisa komgwaqokuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlelwa kwamadolobha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda. Ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwabashayeli nabahamba ngezinyawo, kodwa futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha ezindaweni zomphakathi. Njengoba amadolobha ekhula futhi eguquguquka, ukuqonda imingcele yokukhanyisa emigwaqweni kubalulekile ukuze kuklanywe futhi kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Lesi sihloko sibheka kabanzi amapharamitha angukhiye achaza ukukhanya komgwaqo, iqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zabo bonke abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ziyahlangatshezwa.
1. Izinga Lokukhanya
Enye yemingcele eyinhloko yokukhanya komgwaqo izinga lokukhanya, elilinganiswa nge-lux. Lokhu kubhekisela enanini lokukhanya eliwela phezulu. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemigwaqo zidinga amazinga ahlukene okukhanya. Isibonelo, imigwaqo ewuthelawayeka ngokuvamile idinga amazinga okukhanya aphezulu kunemigwaqo yokuhlala. I-Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) inikeza isiqondiso esicacisa amazinga okukhanya anconyiwe ezinhlobo ezahlukene zemigwaqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubonakala kwanele ekuzulazuleni okuphephile.
2. Ukufana
Ukufana kungenye ipharamitha ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kokukhanyisa komgwaqo. Ikala ukuhambisana kokusabalalisa ukukhanya ngaphakathi kwendawo enikeziwe. Ukufana okuphezulu kubonisa ukusabalaliswa okulinganayo kokukhanya, okunciphisa amathuba amachashaza amnyama angadala izingozi zokuphepha. I-uniformity ibalwa ngokuhlukanisa ukukhanya okuncane ngokukhanya okumaphakathi. Ngokukhanyiswa komgwaqo, isilinganiso esingu-0.4 noma ngaphezulu ngokuvamile sibhekwa njengokwamukelekayo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindawo zikhanyiswa ngokwanele.
3. Inkomba Yokunikeza Umbala (CRI)
Inkomba yokunikeza umbala (CRI) isilinganiso sokuthi umthombo wokukhanya ubonisa ngokunembe kangakanani imibala uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanya kwemvelo. Ngokukhanya komgwaqo, i-CRI ephakeme iyakhethwa ngoba ivumela abashayeli nabahamba ngezinyawo ukuthi babone umbala ngokunembe kakhudlwana, okubalulekile ekuhlonzeni amasignali omgwaqo, izimpawu zomgwaqo, nezinye izimpawu ezibalulekile ezibonakalayo. Ngezicelo zokukhanyisa emgwaqweni, i-CRI engu-70 noma ngaphezulu ngokuvamile iyanconywa.
4. Uhlobo Lomthombo Wokukhanya
Uhlobo lomthombo wokukhanya osetshenziswa ekukhanyisweni komgwaqo luthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, izindleko zokunakekela kanye nokusebenza kukonke. Imithombo yokukhanya evamile ihlanganisa i-high pressure sodium (HPS), i-metal halide (MH), nama-light emitting diode (ama-LED).
- I-High Pressure Sodium (HPS): Aziwa ngokukhanya kwawo okuphuzi, amalambu e-HPS awonga amandla futhi anempilo ende yesevisi. Nokho, inkomba yabo yokunikeza umbala ophansi ingenza ukuhlonza umbala kube nzima.
- I-Metal Halide (MH): Lezi zibani zinikeza ukukhanya okumhlophe futhi zine-CRI ephakeme, okuzenza zifanelekele izindawo lapho ukuhlonza umbala kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, zisebenzisa amandla amaningi futhi zinesikhathi esifushane sokuphila kunezibani ze-sodium ezinomfutho ophezulu.
- I-Light Emitting Diode (i-LED): Ama-LED aya ngokuya aduma ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo kwamandla, ubude besikhathi sokuphila, kanye nekhono lokunikeza inhlobonhlobo yamazinga okushisa emibala. Ziphinde zivumele ukulawulwa okungcono kokusatshalaliswa kokukhanya, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kokukhanya nokuxhopha.
5. Ukuphakama Kwesigxobo kanye Nezikhala
Ukuphakama nokuhlukaniswa kwezigxobo zokukhanya kuyimingcele ebalulekile ethinta umphumela wokukhanyisa umgwaqo. Izigxobo ezinde zingakhanyisa indawo enkulu, kuyilapho izigxobo ezimfushane zingadinga ukuhlukaniswa okuseduze ukuze kufinyelele izinga elifanayo lokumboza. Ubude obufanele nesikhala kuncike ohlotsheni lomgwaqo, umthombo wokukhanya osetshenzisiwe kanye namazinga okukhanya adingekayo. Ukubekwa kahle kwesigxobo sokukhanya kunciphisa ithunzi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya kufinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo zomgwaqo.
6. Ukulawula Ukukhanya
I-glare iyinkinga ebalulekile ekukhanyisweni komgwaqo ngoba ikhubaza ukubonakala futhi idale izimo zokushayela eziyingozi. Idizayini yokukhanyisa umgwaqo ephumelelayo ihlanganisa izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuxhopha, njengokusebenzisa amadivayisi okuhlola noma ukuqondisa ukukhanya phansi. Umgomo uwukunikeza ukukhanya okwanele ngaphandle kokubangela ukungakhululeki kubashayeli noma abahamba ngezinyawo. Ukulawulwa kwe-glare kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho izibani zasemgwaqweni ziseduze nezakhiwo zokuhlala namabhizinisi.
7. Ukuphumelela Kwamandla
Ngokukhathazeka okwandayo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nomthelela wemvelo, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla sekube yipharamitha ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezibani zomgwaqo. Ukusebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya yokonga amandla njengama-LED kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi kunciphise izindleko zokusebenza. Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile, njengamasistimu okukhanyisa aguquguqukayo alungisa ukukhanya ngokusekelwe ezimeni zethrafikhi, kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
8. Ukugcinwa Nokuqina
Izidingo zokunakekelwa nokuqina kwezibani zomgwaqo ziyizinto ezibalulekile ezicatshangelwayo. Amasistimu okukhanyisa kufanele aklanywe ukuthi afinyeleleke kalula ukuze kube lula ukulungiswa nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula. Ukwengeza, izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha izinto zokukhanyisa kufanele ziqine futhi zimelane nesimo sezulu ukuze zimelane nezimo zemvelo. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokulungisa kufanele lwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinhlelo zokukhanyisa zihlala zisebenza futhi zisebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
9. Umthelela Wezemvelo
Okokugcina, umthelela wokukhanya komgwaqo endaweni ezungezile awunakuzitshwa. Ukungcoliswa kokukhanya, okulimaza imvelo futhi kuthinta impilo yabantu, kuwukukhathazeka okukhulayo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ukuklama amasistimu okukhanyisa emigwaqweni anciphisa ukuchitheka kokukhanya nokuxhopha kungasiza ekwehliseni le miphumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe okonga amandla kusiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi kuhambisana nezinjongo zentuthuko esimeme.
Ekuphetheni
Kafushane, imingcele yokukhanyisa emgwaqweni ihlanganisa izinto eziningi ezithinta ukuphepha, ukubonakala kanye nomthelela wemvelo. Ngokucabangela amazinga okukhanya, izilinganiso zokufana, uhlobo lomthombo wokukhanya, ukuphakama kwesigxobo nesikhala, ukulawula ukukhanya, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukunakekelwa kanye nomthelela wemvelo, abahleli bedolobha nonjiniyela bangaklama amasistimu okukhanyisa emigwaqweni aphumelelayo athuthukisa ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila kubo bonke abasebenzisi bemigwaqo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, iikusasa lokukhanyisa komgwaqokulindeleke ukuthi isebenze kahle futhi isimeme, ivule indlela yezindawo zasemadolobheni eziphephile nezinempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-31-2024
